背景速览

联合国粮农组织 9 月 4 日发布月度指数：8 月全球食品价格涨到 2022 年底以来最高，谷物、糖、油、肉、奶全面上行，糖价单月涨近 12%。把价格顶起来的是三股力量：欧洲热浪干旱、厄尔尼诺威胁、黑海战事对运粮通道的扰动。粮农组织首席经济学家的判断很直接：风险溢价正在回到食品市场。

英文节选

PARIS, Sept 4 (Reuters) - World food prices rose in August to their highest since late 2022, as adverse weather and war disruption in the Black Sea heightened concern over supply of staples, the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization said on Friday.

Extreme heat and drought in Europe, the threat of a severe El Nino weather pattern and trade upheaval caused by the Ukraine and Iran wars have unsettled agricultural markets, pushing grain prices to three-year highs and sugar to a one-year peak.

The FAO Food Price Index, which tracks monthly changes in a basket of internationally traded food commodities, averaged 133.3 points in August, up from July's revised reading of 130.8.

中文译文

巴黎，9 月 4 日（路透社）——由于恶劣天气以及黑海战事扰乱供应，市场对主粮供应的担忧加剧，8 月全球食品价格升至 2022 年底以来的最高水平，联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）周五表示。

欧洲的极端高温与干旱、强厄尔尼诺天气模式的威胁，以及乌克兰与伊朗战事引发的贸易动荡，让农产品市场不安：谷物价格被推至三年高位，糖价升至一年高位。

粮农组织食品价格指数按月跟踪一篮子国际贸易农产品的价格变动，8 月均值 133.3 点，高于 7 月经修正的 130.8 点。

高频词短语

adverse /ˈædvɜːs/ adj. 不利的

Adverse weather has cut this year's wheat harvest.

恶劣天气让今年小麦减产。

heighten /ˈhaɪtn/ v. 加剧，加深

The blackout heightened worries about the region's power supply.

停电加剧了人们对当地电力供应的担忧。

drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱

A prolonged drought forced dairy farmers to sell herds early.

持续干旱迫使奶农提前出售牛群。

staple /ˈsteɪpl/ n. 主粮，基本商品

Rice remains a staple food for half the world's population.

大米仍是全球一半人口的主食。

disruption /dɪsˈrʌpʃn/ n. 扰乱，中断

Port strikes caused severe disruption to grain exports.

港口罢工严重扰乱了粮食出口。

长难句速拆

原句：In a separate report, the agency cut its 2026 global cereal production forecast by 3.4 million metric tons from a previous estimate in July to 2.980 billion tons, now 2.0% below 2025 in the largest annual decline since 2018.

主干动作只有一个：the agency cut its forecast。先看 by 3.4 million metric tons 是下调幅度，from a previous estimate in July 指明基准是 7 月那次预测，to 2.980 billion tons 给出新目标，三层数据把一次修改讲全了。句末的 now 2.0% below 2025 拿新预测去比 2025 年实际产量，in the largest annual decline since 2018 又给这轮降幅标了时间刻度。最容易绊倒人的是数量级：3.4 million 是吨级下调量，不是百分比，别跟 2.0% 混着读。

考场应用

① 考研英语·阅读理解：这类"数字加比较"的长句很常考。留意三点：cut … by … to 里问下调幅度时，选项可能写成"下调 3.4%"或偷换成年份，要回原文核单位；month-on-month（环比）与 year-on-year（同比）、"highest since"与"record peak"是两组现成干扰；130.8 是"修订后"读数，别当原始值。读到先圈量级词，million 还是 billion、% 还是点。

② 雅思写作·Task 2：适配粮食安全、气候与贸易类题目。可引的论据：8 月价格指数 133.3 点（7 月 130.8），谷物环比涨 2.2%、糖涨 11.9%，成因被原文点名三类：气候、地缘冲突、物流受阻。写作时可先立"这轮涨价主要来自供应端冲击，而非需求端"的判断，再分述三因，比空谈粮食危机有据。

③ 考研英语写作：这类动词链值得借：edged up（微涨）、jumped（跳涨）、curtailed（削减）、straining（吃紧），比笼统的 rise 精确。示范：Food prices edged up again last month as supply worries tightened. 上月随着供应担忧加剧，食品价格再度小幅攀升，图表作文里换主语就能用。

再留一句给你:Escalating attacks in the Black Sea have curtailed grain shipments from Russia and Ukraine in their 4-1/2-year-old war, while the U.S.-Iran conflict was straining flows of fertiliser for crops.

提示：4-1/2-year-old 是复合形容词，curtail 是"削减"，while 在此表"同时"。这句你打算怎么翻？

来源

路透社（Reuters）｜2026 年 9 月 4 日