外刊精读 | 考研英语素材:会烂在雪里的滑雪公寓,最后被稻壳救了
- 2026-11-05 00:13:20
一、背景速览
犹他州帕克城的一处滑雪公寓,木外墙在积雪里泡了多年,开始腐烂;夏天山火又年年逼近。业委会找了一年:铝板防火,但看着假;雪松好看,防火等级却低。最后的方案出人意料——稻壳板。稻壳是稻米加工的副产物,全球每年产出约 1.5 亿吨,很大一部分在田间路边烧掉,烟尘伤人。它的高二氧化硅含量让它天然防潮、防腐、阻燃,这正是稻子在水田里护住谷粒的本事。美国 Modern Mill 从 2018 年起把它压成外墙板、地板和游乐设施,自称已让 900 万公斤稻壳免于填埋;德国 Resysta、意大利 Ricehouse 也在做。研究还在试另一条路:用稻壳灰替代水泥,而水泥占全球碳排放的 8%。障碍也实在——造价高于雪松,承包商保守,承重结构更不敢用。
二、英文节选
Previously viewed as a waste product and even pollutant, rice husks are now attracting attention for their potential as a versatile, sustainable construction material. With hundreds of new homes in the US now using rice husk panelling, and other rice husk products from porches to playgrounds available, why are some developers choosing this agricultural throwaway over classic materials?
The world produces around 150 million tonnes (331 billion lb) of rice husk each year, much of it burned on farms or at roadsides, posing risks to both human health and the environment. In the US, which grows some nine million tonnes (20 billion lb) of rice annually, rice husk is sometimes converted into biomass energy, though even then there's not always a clear use for the ash left behind.
There can be similar concerns in the US, as well as barriers like cost, says Miller. "There can be hesitancy to use materials if, for example, an engineer could compromise their license or ability to get hired if there is a material failure," she says. However, adoption of non-load bearing rice husk products (the case for Modern Mill's panels) will likely face fewer challenges than using them in load bearing materials, she adds. "It is often easier to adopt a new floor tile material than it is to adopt a new material for a beam."
三、中文译文
稻壳过去被视为废弃物,甚至污染物;如今它正因其作为多用途、可持续建筑材料的潜力而受到关注。美国已有数百套新住宅用上稻壳墙板,从门廊到游乐场的其他稻壳制品也已在售——那么,一些开发商为什么会选这种农业弃置物,而不是传统材料?
全球每年产生约 1.5 亿吨(3310 亿磅)稻壳,其中很大一部分在农场或路边被烧掉,对人的健康和环境都构成风险。美国每年种植约 900 万吨(200 亿磅)稻米,稻壳有时会被转化为生物质能源,但即便如此,剩下的灰也未必有明确去处。
米勒说,美国也有类似的顾虑,还有成本这类障碍。「人们会犹豫要不要用某种材料,比如说,一旦材料失效,工程师的执照或者受聘资格可能受影响,」她说。不过她补充,非承重的稻壳产品(Modern Mill 的板材就属于这一类)在推广上遇到的阻力,多半会小于把它们用于承重材料。「换一种新的地砖,通常比换一种新的梁材容易。」
四、高频词短语
【husk】 /hʌsk/ n. 外壳,稻壳
例句:Rice husk is a notoriously stubborn agricultural waste.
译:稻壳是一种出了名难处理的农业废弃物。
【versatile】 /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ a. 多用途的
例句:It has potential as a versatile construction material.
译:它有潜力成为一种多用途的建筑材料。
【pollutant】 /pəˈluːtənt/ n. 污染物
例句:The husks were long viewed as a waste product and even pollutant.
译:稻壳长期被视为废弃物,甚至污染物。
【throwaway】 /ˈθrəʊəweɪ/ n. 弃置之物
例句:Why choose this agricultural throwaway over classic materials?
译:为什么要选这种农业弃置物,而不是传统材料?
【compromise】 /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/ v. 危及,损害
例句:An engineer could compromise his license if a material fails.
译:材料一旦失效,工程师的执照可能受影响。
五、长难句速拆
原句:There can be hesitancy to use materials if, for example, an engineer could compromise their license or ability to get hired if there is a material failure.
主句是 There can be hesitancy to use materials,后面一长串都在说明「犹豫什么」。第一个 if 引出情形,for example 插在 if 后面,不起连接作用;第二个 if there is a material failure 又嵌在第一个 if 从句里,交代「材料失效」这个前提,跟第一个 if 不是并列。compromise 这里是「危及」,不是「妥协」;license or ability to get hired 是并列宾语。中文按因果顺着说更顺:材料一出问题,执照和饭碗都可能受影响,所以用新材料会犹豫。
六、考场应用
考研阅读·数字的主体别搞混:世界每年产的稻壳是 1.5 亿吨,美国每年种的是 900 万吨稻米。两个数字的主体和单位都不同,细节题若问「美国每年产生多少稻壳」,原文没有给,只能判 NOT GIVEN。
考研翻译·括号里的限定:non-load bearing rice husk products (the case for Modern Mill's panels) 括号里不是补充说明「公司」,而是点明这类产品正是该公司的板材。译成「就属于这一类」最省事,别硬塞成定语。
考研阅读·while 让步后的落点:While it costs slightly more to install compared to cedar, the long-term maintenance costs are lower. 前半句让一步,主句才是作者的判断。问成本,答「初期贵、长期省」,不选「更便宜」。
雅思写作·Task 2:建筑与环保类题目可用「一石二鸟」的论证:稻壳本是焚烧或填埋的废弃物,做成建材后既消纳废物,又替代高碳水泥。但要像原文那样补上限制——成本、承包商保守、只适合非承重,否则论证会飘。
试译:It is often easier to adopt a new floor tile material than it is to adopt a new material for a beam. 这句你打算怎么翻?提示:两个 it 都是形式主语,真正的主语在后面;beam 指「承重梁」,不是「光束」。
七、来源
来源:BBC Future | 2026 年 10 月 9 日

更多往期内容👇